镜像的获取

pull from registry (online)

从registry拉取
- public（公有）
- private（私有）

build from Dockerfile (online) 从Dockerfile构建

从Dockerfile构建（在线）
文件导入（离线）

load from file (offline) 文件导入（离线）

Docker Image Registry

镜像的基本操作

代码块

$ docker image

Usage:  docker image COMMAND

Manage images

Commands:
build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
history     Show the history of an image
import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
inspect     Display detailed information on one or more images
load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
ls          List images
prune       Remove unused images
pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
rm          Remove one or more images
save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE

Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

镜像的拉取Pull Image

镜像的拉取

默认从Docker Hub拉取，如果不指定版本，会拉取最新版。

代码块

$ docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
69692152171a: Pull complete
49f7d34d62c1: Pull complete
5f97dc5d71ab: Pull complete
cfcd0711b93a: Pull complete
be6172d7651b: Pull complete
de9813870342: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:df13abe416e37eb3db4722840dd479b00ba193ac6606e7902331dcea50f4f1f2
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

指定版本

指定版本：

代码块

$ docker pull nginx:1.20.0
1.20.0: Pulling from library/nginx
69692152171a: Already exists
965615a5cec8: Pull complete
b141b026b9ce: Pull complete
8d70dc384fb3: Pull complete
525e372d6dee: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:ea4560b87ff03479670d15df426f7d02e30cb6340dcd3004cdfc048d6a1d54b4
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.20.0
docker.io/library/nginx:1.20.0

从Quay上拉取镜像

从Quay上拉取镜像：

代码块

$ docker pull quay.io/bitnami/nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from bitnami/nginx
2e6370f1e2d3: Pull complete
2d464c695e97: Pull complete
83eb3b1671f4: Pull complete
364c139450f9: Pull complete
dc453d5ae92e: Pull complete
09bd59934b83: Pull complete
8d2bd62eedfb: Pull complete
8ac060ae1ede: Pull complete
c7c9bc2f4f9d: Pull complete
6dd7098b85fa: Pull complete
894a70299d18: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d143befa04e503472603190da62db157383797d281fb04e6a72c85b48e0b3239
Status: Downloaded newer image for quay.io/bitnami/nginx:latest
quay.io/bitnami/nginx:latest

镜像的查看

代码块

$ docker image ls
REPOSITORY              TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
quay.io/bitnami/nginx   latest    0922eabe1625   6 hours ago   89.3MB
nginx                   1.20.0    7ab27dbbfbdf   10 days ago   133MB
nginx                   latest    f0b8a9a54136   10 days ago   133MB

镜像的删除

代码块

$ docker image rm 0922eabe1625
Untagged: quay.io/bitnami/nginx:latest
Untagged: quay.io/bitnami/nginx@sha256:d143befa04e503472603190da62db157383797d281fb04e6a72c85b48e0b3239
Deleted: sha256:0922eabe16250e2f4711146e31b7aac0e547f52daa6cf01c9d00cf64d49c68c8
Deleted: sha256:5eee4ed0f6b242e2c6e4f4066c7aca26bf9b3b021b511b56a0dadd52610606bd
Deleted: sha256:472a75325eda417558f9100ff8b4a97f4a5e8586a14eb9c8fc12f944b26a21f8
Deleted: sha256:cdcb5872f8a64a0b5839711fcd2a87ba05795e5bf6a70ba9510b8066cdd25e76
Deleted: sha256:e0f1b7345a521469bbeb7ec53ef98227bd38c87efa19855c5ba0db0ac25c8e83
Deleted: sha256:11b9c2261cfc687fba8d300b83434854cc01e91a2f8b1c21dadd937e59290c99
Deleted: sha256:4819311ec2867ad82d017253500be1148fc335ad13b6c1eb6875154da582fcf2
Deleted: sha256:784480add553b8e8d5ee1bbd229ed8be92099e5fb61009ed7398b93d5705a560
Deleted: sha256:e0c520d1a43832d5d2b1028e3f57047f9d9f71078c0187f4bb05e6a6a572993d
Deleted: sha256:94d5b1d6c9e31de42ce58b8ce51eb6fb5292ec889a6d95763ad2905330b92762
Deleted: sha256:95deba55c490bbb8de44551d3e6a89704758c93ba8503a593cb7c07dfbae0058
Deleted: sha256:1ad1d903ef1def850cd44e2010b46542196e5f91e53317dbdb2c1eedfc2d770c

镜像的导出和导入

(offline)

代码块

PS C:\Users\Peng Xiao\docker.tips\image> docker image ls
nginx        1.20.0    7ab27dbbfbdf   12 days ago   133MB
nginx        latest    f0b8a9a54136   12 days ago   133MB
PS C:\Users\Peng Xiao\docker.tips\image> docker image save nginx:1.20.0 -o nginx.image
PS C:\Users\Peng Xiao\docker.tips\image> ls


    Directory: C:\Users\Peng Xiao\docker.tips\image


Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                 -------------         ------ ----
-a----         5/24/2021   1:40 PM      137379328 nginx.image


PS C:\Users\Peng Xiao\docker.tips\image> docker image rm 7ab
Untagged: nginx:1.20.0
Deleted: sha256:7ab27dbbfbdf4031f0603a4b597cc43031ff883b54f9329f0309c80952dda6f5
Deleted: sha256:5b2a9404d052ae4205f6139190fd4b0921ddeff17bf2aaf4ee97f79e1a8242fe
Deleted: sha256:03ebf76f0cbf5fd32ca010bb589c2139ce7e44c050fe3de2d77addf4cfd25866
Deleted: sha256:0191669d087dce47072254a93fe55cbedd687f27d3798e2260f846e8f8f5729a
Deleted: sha256:17651c6a0ba04d31da14ac6a86d8fb3f600883f9e155558e8aad0b94aa6540a2
Deleted: sha256:5a673ff4c07a1b606f2ad1fc53697c99c45b0675734ca945e3bb2bd80f43feb8
PS C:\Users\Peng Xiao\docker.tips\image> docker image ls
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx        latest    f0b8a9a54136   12 days ago   133MB
PS C:\Users\Peng Xiao\docker.tips\image> docker image load -i .\nginx.image
1839f9962bd8: Loading layer [==================================================>]   64.8MB/64.8MB
a2f4f809e04e: Loading layer [==================================================>]  3.072kB/3.072kB
9b63e6289fbe: Loading layer [==================================================>]  4.096kB/4.096kB
f7141923aaa3: Loading layer [==================================================>]  3.584kB/3.584kB
272bc57d3405: Loading layer [==================================================>]  7.168kB/7.168kB
Loaded image: nginx:1.20.0
PS C:\Users\Peng Xiao\docker.tips\image> docker image ls
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
nginx        1.20.0    7ab27dbbfbdf   12 days ago   133MB
nginx        latest    f0b8a9a54136   12 days ago   133MB
PS C:\Users\Peng Xiao\docker.tips\image>

Dockerfile 介绍

Dockerfile介绍

提示

Docker can build images automatically by reading the instructions from a Dockerfile. A Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on the command line to assemble an image. Using docker build users can create an automated build that executes several command-line instructions in succession.

参考：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/

Dockerfile是用于构建docker镜像的文件
Dockerfile里包含了构建镜像所需的“指令”
Dockerfile有其特定的语法规则

举例：执行一个Python程序

Dockerfile示例：执行Python程序

容器及进程，所以镜像就是一个运行这个进程所需要的环境。

假如我们要在一台ubuntu 21.04上运行下面这个hello.py的Python程序

hello.py的文件内容：

代码块
print("hello docker")

第一步，准备Python环境

代码块
apt-get update && \ DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y python3.9 python3-pip python3.9-dev

第二步，运行hello.py

代码块
$ python3 hello.py hello docker

一个Dockerfile的基本结构

对应的Dockerfile：

代码块

title	Dockerfile

code

FROM ubuntu:21.04
RUN apt-get update && \
    DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y python3.9 python3-pip python3.9-dev
ADD hello.py /
CMD ["python3", "/hello.py"]

镜像的构建和分享

通过 commit 创建镜像

关于 scratch 镜像

Scratch是一个空的Docker镜像。

通过scratch来构建一个基础镜像。

代码块

title	hello.c

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    printf("hello docker\n");
}

编译成一个二进制文件

代码块
$ gcc --static -o hello hello.c $ ./hello hello docker $

代码块

title	Dockerfile

FROM scratch
ADD hello /
CMD ["/hello"]

构建

代码块
$ docker build -t hello . $ docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello latest 2936e77a9daa 40 minutes ago 872kB

运行

代码块
$ docker container run -it hello hello docker

目录

页面树结构

版本比较

旧版本 1

新版本 2

标识

镜像的获取

Docker Image Registry

镜像的基本操作

镜像的拉取

镜像的查看

镜像的删除

镜像的导出和导入

Dockerfile介绍

Dockerfile示例：执行Python程序

镜像的构建和分享

通过 commit 创建镜像

关于 scratch 镜像

页面树结构

页面历史记录

版本比较

旧版本 1

新版本 2

标识

镜像的获取

Docker Image Registry

镜像的基本操作

镜像的拉取

镜像的查看

镜像的删除

镜像的导出和导入

Dockerfile介绍

Dockerfile示例：执行Python程序

镜像的构建和分享

通过 commit 创建镜像

关于 scratch 镜像